Sum-frequency generation (SFG) is a powerful vibrational spectroscopy that can selectively probe molecular structures at ...

Frequency Electronics, Inc., together with its subsidiaries, engages in the design, development, manufacture, marketing, and sale of precision time and frequency control products and components for ...

Vermont Public's daily news podcast. Get up to speed on what's happening every day in Vermont in under 15 minutes. Available every weekday morning by 6 a.m. January 15, 2026 • Top Democrats in the ...

Photolithography at a wavelength of 193 nm in the deep UV with water immersion lenses can now produce microelectronics containing features with a half-pitch as small as 40 nm. The big question is how ...

Abstract: The signal-to-noise ratio of optical emission spectroscopy (OES) data has decreased as the plasma etching process has advanced. As a result, not only the advanced endpoint detection method ...

Abstract: Simultaneous phases detection in multi-wavelength interferometry (MWLI) is essential for high-accuracy dynamic absolute distance measurement in high-end equipment manufacturing. To address ...

Using integrated silicon high-contrast sub-wavelength gratings and organic cavity exciton-polaritons at room temperature, we realize all-optical transistor action with picosecond switching and ...