The skull of a medieval Lombard woman found in central Italy shows signs of having undergone two trepanations — surgeries to make holes in the head. But why she underwent the painful procedures is ...

Scientists analyzed the skull of a medieval woman who once lived in central Italy and found evidence that she experienced at least two brain surgeries consistent with the practice of trepanation, ...

The elongated, cone-shaped skulls of Viking Age women buried on the Baltic island of Gotland may be evidence of trading contacts with the Black Sea region, a new study finds. The women's skulls were ...