Forest fires are highly destructive. They not only damage forest ecosystems, but also threaten the lives and property of surrounding residents, causing incalculable losses. Effective forest ...

Task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) reveals individual differences in neural correlates of cognition but faces scalability challenges due to cognitive demands, protocol variability ...

AI automation typically requires task-level fixed costs, such as model training or fine-tuning. We develop a quantitative task-based framework in which automation depends jointly on relative marginal ...