Sense elements are used to convert physical quantities of interest into electrical signals. For example, a Wheatstone bridge can be used to convert pressure into electrical output. Many sense elements ...

Because a Laplace transform can be applied to only a linear differential equation, we must "fix" a nonlinear equation. The goal of control is to keep a process running at a specified condition (the ...

I often have to get a reasonably accurate temperature measurement for a laser, transistor, or printed circuit board. I usually use a thermistor for my temperature sensor because they are inexpensive.

Feedback linearization has been studied extensively in the nonlinear systems literature (see, for example, [121,134,159,185]). In this text, we cover only some of the basic background to help the ...