Ketamine is frequently used to induce analgesia or anesthesia in laboratory animals, but its effects on learning and memory are poorly characterized. Long-term potentiation (LTP) is considered a ...

Intravenous (i.v.) anesthetics include etomidate, midazolam, propofol, thiopental, ketamine, and opioid agonists. The first four agents act by enhancing the activity of the inhibitory neurotransmitter ...

Propofol is used in the operating room to induce anesthesia. To maintain anesthesia, a continuous infusion of the agent via a separate syringe pump is the standard procedure for total intravenous ...

The reliance on brain atlases for high-precision placement of injectable substances in the brain of NHPs has substantial disadvantages. To overcome the issue of inter-animal variability, we developed ...

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Purpose: The characteristics of ideal intravenous (i.v.) and inhaled anesthetic agents; the rationale for inducing anesthesia with i.v. anesthetics (particularly propofol); therationale for inducing ...